ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืฆืจ ื ืกืชืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืงืœื˜ื™" ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืฆืœื›ื ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ืื• ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ืฆืจืคืช.

ืžื”ื• ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™?

ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืžืœื— ืืคื•ืจ, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืช ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืงืœื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืจื˜ืืŸ, ืฆืจืคืช, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™. ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืคื™ืงื• ืžืœื— ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื“ื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืœื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืœื— ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™ ื•ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžืฉ. ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•. ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืงืœื˜ื™ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉืคื™ื, ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™

ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.

ืขื•ืฉืจ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื

ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืœื— ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“, ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืฉืžืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื˜ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ืืืฉืœื’ืŸืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืจืง ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžืœื— ื˜ืขื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื.

ืžืจืงื ื•ืœื—ื•ืช

ืœืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืจืงื ื’ืก ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืœื— ืœืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืกื•ืคื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ืง ื˜ืขื ื•ืžืจืงื ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืชื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ื— ืœื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืฉื™ื.

ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื

ื”ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—, ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืžืœื— ืืคื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืžืœื— ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืง. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืœื— ืœื ืžื–ื•ืงืง. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœื˜ื•ื”ืจ.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ื˜ืขื ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื. ืืžื ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื”.

1. ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™

ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืคืœื ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืžืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-60 ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื โ€” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืœื— ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื“ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืจืง ื ืกื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช: ื›ืœ ื’ืจื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืืฉืœื’ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืจื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ; ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.

2. ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื: ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื—ืœืงื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื‘ื“. ืžืชื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.

ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ืชืจืŸ, ืืฉืœื’ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืœืžืฉืงื” ืื• ืœืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื. ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™.

3. ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ: ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ ืขื™ื›ื•ืœโ€” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืชื•ืจื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื ื™ืช.

ื”ื›ืœืœืช ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

4. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™: ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื›ื

ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ, ื–ื• ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื›ื. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื™ืžืœื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ื’ื ืฉืคื™ื ื•ื’ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžื”ืœืœื™ื ืืช ืžืœื— ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืœื˜ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืœื˜, ื‘ืฉืจ ืฆืœื•ื™ ืื• ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืืš ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ืข ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืžื–ื•ืงืง.

5. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื ืชืจืŸ

ืืžื ื ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื ืชืจืŸ, ืืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืœื— ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžืœื— ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขื.

6. ืžืงื“ื ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื

ืืžื ื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื•ืคืš ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื”. ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื; ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™, ืขื ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•, ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื ืข ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.

ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืœืžื™ื ืื• ืœืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืชืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื”ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืชืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.

7. ืื•ืคื™ ืืœืงืœื™ื ื™: ืคื ื™ื ื” ื ืกืชืจืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช

ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืืœืงืœื™ื ื™ (ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™) ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื•ืคืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืืœืงืœื™ื ื™ืช (ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช) ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืื–ืŸ ื”-pH ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื’ื™ืฉื” ืคืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.

8. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ: ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื˜ื‘ื—

ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆืจืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—; ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ื”ืžืœื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืงืจืื‘ ืœืจื™ื˜ื•ืืœ ืžื—ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคื— ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ืชื•ืš ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืขื•ืจ ืจืš ื•ื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื“ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ, ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืขื ืŸ ื•ื ืžืจืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉืœื•.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™

ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชืขืžืง ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช.

ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ

ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืชื, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื’ืก ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•. ืคื–ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื”.

ืืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืืคื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืžืœื— ืื—ืจ. ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืžืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื•ืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ื‘ืœื•ืช.

ื”ืžืœื—ืช ื‘ืฉืจ

ืกื’ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ืœื”ืžืœื—ืช ื‘ืฉืจ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืฆืœื™ ืขืกื™ืกื™ ืื• ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื’ืจื™ืœ, ื”ืžืœื—ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืžืจืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.

ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื

ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืชืจืŸ ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืœื—, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉืœื•.

ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื•ืœ. ืคืœื•ืจ ื“ื” ืกืœ

ืืžื ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช "ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™" ื•ืคืœื•ืจ ื“ื” ืกืœ ("ืคืจื— ื”ืžืœื—" ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช), ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืœืœื•. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืคืœื•ืจ ื“ื” ืกืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืคืง ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืžืœื—, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืจืงื ืงืœื™ืœ ื•ืคืชื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื•ืคืง ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื™ืžืจ, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช

ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื 2.3 ืขื“ 5.8 ื’ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.

ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™

ืืžื ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื• ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืœื— ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืชืจืŸ. ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืชืจืŸ. ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื“ื. ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื ืชืจืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื’ื•ืจื ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื.

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”

ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™, ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื’ืข ืฉืœ ืงืกื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืฉืคื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืœื— ืงืœื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืœืžืœื— ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.

ืžื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื”, ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ื›ืฉืชื•ืฉื™ื˜ื• ื™ื“ ืœืžืœื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ืชื ื• ืœืงืกื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ืžืกืข ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื.

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Green Matters. Celtic Salt Benefits: Uncovering Unique Health Advantages. Green Matters. Available at: https://www.greenmatters.com/health-and-wellness/celtic-salt-benefits. Accessed January 20, 2024
  2. Health 2000. ืžืœื— ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ ืžื•ืœ. Health 2000. Available at: https://www.health2000.co.nz/shop-by-health-supplements/celtic-sea-salt-benefits. Accessed January 21, 2024
  3. Health.com. Does Adding Salt to Water Help Hydration? Health. Available at: https://health.com/does-adding-salt-to-water-help-hydration-7550827. Accessed January 21, 2024
  4. Gonรงalves C, Abreu S. Sodium and Potassium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in Older People: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 10;12(11):3447. doi: 10.3390/nu12113447. PMID: 33182820; PMCID: PMC7697211.
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  6. Longevity Technology. 7 Reasons Why Celtic Salt Is the Miracle Salt You Need Right Now. Longevity Technology. Available at: https://longevity.technology/lifestyle/7-reasons-why-celtic-salt-is-the-miracle-salt-you-need-right-now/#google_vignette. Accessed January 22, 2024
  7. My Fabulous Food. Sea Salt Is Perfect for Baked Goods. My Fabulous Food Blog. Available at: https://myfabulousfood.com/blogs/news/sea-salt-is-perfect-for-baked-goods. Accessed January 23, 2024
  8. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubMed Central (PMC). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468043/. Published September 16, 2021. Accessed January 21, 2024
  9. Pharmeasy. Celtic Salt Benefits: Uncovering Unique Health Advantages in Research. Pharmeasy Blog. https://pharmeasy.in/blog/celtic-salt-benefits-uncovering-unique-health-advantages-in-research/. Updated and Accessed January 23, 2024
  10. Schwalfenberg GK. The alkaline diet: is there evidence that an alkaline pH diet benefits health? J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:727630. doi: 10.1155/2012/727630. Epub 2011 Oct 12. PMID: 22013455; PMCID: PMC3195546.
  11. Yoo, J., Choi, J. Y., Lee, B. Y., Shin, C. H., Shin, W., Huh, C. H., & Na, I. (2020). Therapeutic Effects of Saline Groundwater Solution Baths on Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: ECAM, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8303716
  12. Yoshikawa M, Torimoto K, Hirayama A, et al. Daily salt intake is associated with leg edema and nocturnal urinary volume in elderly men. Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2020;39(5):1550-1556. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.24401